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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition that affects aging men, causing the prostate gland to grow larger than normal. While this growth is noncancerous, it can lead to uncomfortable urinary symptoms and affect overall health. Let’s explore what BPH is, what causes it, and how medical experts manage it.
What Is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?
BPH refers to the enlargement of the prostate gland, a small organ that surrounds the urethra—the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. As the gland grows, it squeezes or blocks the urethra, leading to problems with urination.
This condition is a normal part of aging and does not mean a man has cancer. However, because both BPH and prostate cancer can cause similar symptoms, a proper diagnosis is essential.
Symptoms of BPH
The primary issue with an enlarged prostate is how it affects urinary flow. Symptoms of BPH include:
- A weak urine stream
- A sudden urge to urinate
- Dribbling at the end of urination
- Difficulty starting or stopping urine flow
- Frequent need to urinate, especially at night
- Feeling like the bladder isn’t empty after urination
If left untreated, BPH can lead to urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney problems, or bladder control issues.
What Causes an Enlarged Prostate?
The exact cause of BPH isn’t fully understood, but several factors may contribute to prostate growth, including:
- Aging – The prevalence of BPH increases with age.
- Genetics – A family history of BPH may increase your risk.
- Hormonal changes – Shifts in testosterone and other hormones may cause the prostate to grow.
How Is BPH Diagnosed?
If you’re experiencing symptoms, a urology expert may perform:
- Blood tests to assess kidney health
- Urine tests to rule out infections or other conditions
- A clinical presentation and discussion of urinary issues
- Imaging tests or a uroflowmetry test to measure urine flow
- A digital rectal exam (DRE) to check for prostate enlargement
Treatment Options for BPH
There are several treatment options for BPH, ranging from medication to surgical procedures. The best approach depends on symptoms, overall health, and personal preference.
Lifestyle Changes and Monitoring
For mild cases, simple management strategies may help, such as:
- Practicing bladder training
- Limiting caffeine and alcohol
- Reducing evening fluid intake
Medications
Doctors often prescribe medications to relax the prostate tissue or shrink the gland. These can improve urine flow and relieve symptoms.
Minimally Invasive Procedures
If medications aren’t effective, minimally invasive treatments may be an option. These include:
- UroLift – Small implants keep the urethra open.
- Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) – Reduces prostate size by cutting off blood supply.
- Transurethral microwave therapy (TUMT) – Uses heat to shrink the prostate.
Surgical Treatments
For severe cases, surgical options may be required. These include:
- Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) – The most common surgical BPH treatment.
- Laser therapy – Removes excess prostate tissue with laser energy.
When to See a Doctor
If BPH symptoms affect your daily life, it’s time to see a urology expert or visit a medical center specializing in men’s health. A proper diagnosis ensures the best treatment plan and helps prevent complications like infections or kidney problems.
Final Thoughts
BPH is a common, noncancerous condition that can become an issue as men age. While it can be uncomfortable, many effective treatments are available to improve urinary function and quality of life. If you’re experiencing symptoms, don’t wait—reach out to a health expert to learn about your treatment options.